Water vapor condensates into liquid water and discharged through the drain pipe of an air conditioner, reducing the relative humidity of the air. They also can control humidity, air quality and airflow within your home. The cold side, consisting of the expansion valve and the cold coil, is generally placed into a furnace or some other air handler. This is another key factor inunderstanding how does a window air conditioner work. The thermal expansion valve is also known as TXV while the electronic expansion valve can be called EXV or EEV. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Either permanent or replaceable filters are used. While these devices may seem complicated, the process behind how window AC works to cool the air is actually quite easy to understand. The evaporator blower fan will suck the air from the room to be conditioned through the air filter and the cooling coil. When an air conditioner is turned on for the first time, these particles will be captured by the filter drier. It uses refrigeration properties to remove heat and humidity from a room while cooling air to circulate into the room. Instead of expelling heat, it absorbs heat and turns the air cold around it. Once in the evaporator, the refrigerant experiences a pressure drop, expands and changes back into a gas. Now that you have a basic understanding of how air conditioners work, let's dig a little deeper and describe the entire process works. This would also work if you want to install an air conditioner in a sliding window as well. This process involves the refrigerant first taking on and then releasing heat. The filtered, warm indoor air then passes over cold evaporator coil. It is used to ensure desired temperature conditions inside the room. And, because the system uses filters in the indoor air handler, it can clean your air while it cools it. Air circulates back to the indoor unit of the air conditioner and passes through the chilling evaporator coil. In the early years, air conditioning helped boost manufacturing of everything from baked goods to wartime supplies. Heat pumps are similar in many ways to air conditioners, but use a reversing valve to allow them to heat and also cool an enclosed space. Some of the HFC members are familiar names such as R132a, R410A, and R32. The fans are designed to provide a certain airflow rate. The heat is then released into the outdoor air as the refrigerant returns to a liquid state. This means that you can attach the compressor to different ductless units giving you more . Contact Us Privacy Policy Disclaimer, Copyright 2008-2023 airconditioning-systems.com, airconditioning-systems.com does not sell any personal information. Particles such as metal chips and specks of dirt can be gathered inside refrigerant copper pipes during installation. Although important, this is but one of several aspects of air conditioning. The pipe running from the condenser (outdoor unit) to the evaporator (indoor unit) is often called the liquid pipe because the refrigerant is in liquid form when traveling inside the pipe. In this post, well explain everything youd ever want to know about how does a window air conditioner work. Besides, insulating the copper pipe prevents water droplets from forming around the copper pipes due to condensation. The blower pulls in room air thats hot and full of dust particles and moves it through the air filter, separating out the unwanted particles. When the liquid coolant reaches the evaporator, it absorbs the heat around it and turns into a gas. Alternatively, there may be many smaller units on the roof, each attached inside to a small air handler that cools a specific zone in the building. This low-temperature, low-humidity air is sucked in by the ACs blower, and exhaled at high velocity, passing through a metal duct, and blown out through the ACs front panel. The vapour refrigerant circulating inside the condenser coil gives up its heat to the air and getscondensed and cooled. R22, R410A, and R32 are the common refrigerant used in residential air conditioners because of their unique chemical properties. Hose down the face panel, filter, evaporator, condenser, and drain pan. It does not create any cold energy to cool the room. Use the Up and Down arrow keys to set the desired temperature. High-efficiency air filters - These filters are generally considered to be the most effective filters for a residential heating and cooling system. The outdoor unit holds the compressor and the condenser coil. The unit pulls hot air from the room and uses a compressor to turn the hot air into cold air, trapping dirt and debris in the filter. The most familiar type of air conditioning is summertime cooling. R22 falls under the family name called chlorofluorocarbon or CFC. See the listing of events for year 2023-2025. The basic components include a thermostat, a fan or blower, tubing filled with refrigerant, a compressor, an evaporator coil and a . A fan blows the cold air into air ducts that distribute it throughout your home. The thermostat, which is typically mounted on a wall in a central location within the home, monitors and controls the temperature of the indoor air. Your vehicle's compressor, powered by the serpentine belt, compresses the refrigerant into a liquid, putting it into a high-pressure state. This means that it can cool a larger area space. With that in mind, setting your thermostat lower isnt going to cool things any faster. Window air conditioners are installed in an window and it uses two air cycles. The material used for a heat exchanger is copper and aluminum because high-efficiency heat transfer is required. Its exposed to your external atmosphere, and the condensers propeller fan sucks in the high-temperature atmosphere and blows that air right over the condenser. Step 4: Wash the fans and the pan. Below are the major functions of an air conditioning system in modern houses: The primary purpose of air conditioning is to create a room climate comfortable for humans. The coffee will never absorb the heat from the ambient and become hotter because it will violate the second law of thermodynamics. The Temperature Rises Above Set Levels When the thermometer inside the thermostat (or wireless sensors in other rooms) rises above the set temperature, the thermostat turns the system on. It is the main engine that drives an air conditioner. It controls the humidity of a room as 30 to 65% is permitted while the temperature . Humans typically feel comfortable at temperatures around 22 Cto27 C and relative humidity at around 40% to 60%. Press the MODE key repeatedly until "Cool" mode is selected. How Do Mini Splits Work? Its function is to reduce the pressure of high pressure, low temperature liquid refrigerantcoming from condenser and convert it Into low pressure, low temperature liquid refrigerant. This sends a signal to the capacitor. Then, there are 4 major components in an air conditioner: compressor, condenser & evaporator coil, fan and expansion valve are responsible for the 4 processes in the refrigeration cycle. First, the air-handling unit kicks on, drawing room air in from various parts of the house through return-air ducts. Word of Advice TV is not responsible for any possible damages or injuries caused by the use or misuse of the provided information. A refrigerant has a fixed temperature at a given pressure. Some examples of refrigerants include sulfur dioxide, ammonia, methyl chloride, carbon dioxide, and ether. This will be quite long so lets get started. Old. (See Full Bio). Eventually, R22 and other CFCs will be phased out and newer, more environmental-friendly refrigerants will be replacing them. So before we answer the question of how do air conditioners work, it will be helpful to know what makes up a typical system. And this process will continue to go on until the room temperature stays to the desired level. The indoor unit contains an evaporator coil and blower fan to pull warm air from the room, across the cool evaporator coil, then return the cooler air back into the room. The indoor unit can be installed on a wall, in the ceiling, or on the floor. Refrigerant returns to the indoor unit, and the cycle continues. The hot air blends with the atmosphere and the fresh atmospheric air gets absorbed and pushed over the condenser. More than 70% 5-star rating on Amazon. Air Conditioning 101: The Fundamentals Air conditioners transfer heat from the indoors to the outdoors. To be precise, they are called finned-tube heat exchangers. Air conditioning is a member of a family of systems and techniques that provide heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). Construction & Working, What is Summer Air Conditioning System? link to What is Bypass in Chilled Water Systems? This air mixes with the room air to bring down the temperature and humidity level of the room. Apart from sucking air, the air conditioner, on turning on, initiates the refrigeration process within itself. Accumulator tank is a protective device that prevents the liquid refrigerant from entering into a compressor, preventing the cause of irreversible damages to a compressor. Firstly, the split air conditioner has a larger compressor when compared to the window air conditioning units. The air inside your room, out in the front of the air conditioner where the cooling coil is, that's what we call "room air." Once the window AC kicks in, its blower starts up, followed by the compressor. The air inside your room, out in the front of the air conditioner where the cooling coil is, thats what we call room air.. Step 1: Heat is absorbed by the evaporator coil The warm air inside your house is drawn in through a vent and blows over the cold evaporator coil. Printed circuit board or PCB or IC board or control board, is an electronic board in an air conditioner used to control the operation of almost all of the components including the compressor, fans, expansion valve, and others such as remote control and inverter. Window air conditioner is a room air conditioner mounted in a window, through a wall. It is located in return air path near filter. Learn different types of HVAC components used in residential and commercial buildings. AIRCONDLOUNGE DOTCOM is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. 2022, 2021, 2020. Window airconditioning system consists of following components: It is of hermetically sealed type compressor. If you take the cover off of an unplugged window unit, you'll find that it contains: A compressor Older unit usually are of mechanical control type with rotary knobs to control the temperature and fan speed of the air conditioner. Although you may think that air conditioners create cold air, they actually extract heat from the indoor air and send it outside. Below are some of the desirable characteristic of a refrigerant: To explain why a specific refrigerant must be used, lets assume if water is used as the refrigerant in an air conditioner. However, absorption chillers are not very well Hi, my name is Yu Chang Zhen. That's why there are drains and moisture-collecting pans near or attached to air conditioners, and why air conditioners discharge water when they operate on humid days. A fan can break down into two parts: fan motor and fan blade. Lastly, air conditioners require power and thus, properly sized cables must connect the condenser (outdoor unit) and evaporator (indoor unit) with appropriate conduit for cable protection. The evaporator side is located facing the room for cooling of the space and the condenser side outdoor for heat rejection. His main role is to write content that helps people get the most value out of their air purifiers, air conditioners, and heating units. If you wish to know more, here are some of my other posts related to dehumidification: Typically, a single-phase power cable connects to the outdoor unit of a residential split air conditioner. Most CFCs, including R22, are getting banned in most countries due to their ozone-depleting capability that contributes to global warming. An air conditioner transfers heat energy from a room to the outside of a house, thus cooling the room. How does an air conditioner work? Modern air conditioners use PCB or electronic board extensively to provide better features such as mobile phone control via an app over the WiFi. For inverter type, one extra signal cable is required for the indoor unit. Turn the cage assembly upside down to access the oil ports on the motor. Easy to install, mobility and shifting. If you need Freon today, it will need to come from a stock of recycled Freon. The liquid refrigerant is further passed through capillary tube to reduce its own pressure and then passed over evaporator, where it absorbs heat from air to cool it. The refrigerant in an air conditioner goes through 4 processes which are compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. A propeller type fan is located immediately in front of condenser to cool the condenser coil. Air should be fltered, as soon as, it enters the air conditioner. On the other hand, if R410A is used as the refrigerant in an air conditioner, R410A will turn into gas form when it absorbed the heat from a room due to its low boiling point (about 5C at 120 psi). Fundamentally, a filter is not required for the operation of an air conditioner. Think of the compressor as a large electric pump. Warner Service explains two diagrams to show the comparison between window A/C units and central air conditioning systems. The Montreal Protocol requires the phase out of CFC by 1995 and HCFC by 2030. How Air Conditioner Works - Diagram Explanation: Every air conditioner (also pronounced as AC, A/C or Air Cooler in certain regions of the world) has got a compressor inside it. Show more Show more License Creative. Without this key element, the air conditioning unit could not regulate the temperature inside a room. The cooling coil (or evaporating coil) starts to drop in temperature as soon as its compressor starts. Is Air Conditioning Bad for the Environment? Also, no change in the temperature of the refrigerant because the energy is used to convert gas into a liquid. A large fan pulls outdoor air through the condenser coil, allowing the air to absorb heating energy from the home and release it outside. The indoor parts of a window air conditioner include: During operation, a thermostat is mounted on the return air of the unit. The fan used may be propeller type or centrifugal type. During compression, the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant gas increase, in preparation for the next stage. Air conditioning is the use of mechanical systems to achieve that control in such places as homes, offices, theaters, institutions, factories, airplanes, and automobiles. So, a 12,000 BTU air conditioner can cool a room of about 500 square feet by about 20 degrees. The air is cooled while passing over the evaporator tubes by giving its heat to the refrigerantcirculating inside the evaporator. Whilst air conditioners are usually associated with making conditions in a room cooler, the science behind making a room cold using an air conditioner actually involves the transfer of heat from the inside of a building to the outside. This temperature is used to control the on or off of the compressor. Ill be explaining the relevant processes and components to give you the whole picture of how an air conditioner works. If you prefer video, I have one on YouTube which go in-depth into the fundamental of how air conditioners work. And, as with a split system, the unwanted heat is released to the outside through the condenser coil. Once the window AC kicks in, its blower starts up, followed by the compressor. Clean your own air conditioner by using coil cleaner that can be easily purchased from the market. The unit consists of a long, spiral coil shaped like a cylinder. Visit https://aircondlounge.com/category/buyer-guide/ to see more guides and product recommendations. As of January 2010, air conditioners must use ozone-friendly refrigerants. Misaligned fans can produce excessive vibration and noise. The coils are where the heat transfer process happens in an air conditioner. Check them out if youre looking to buy one. To sum it up, air conditioners remove heat and humidity from the air inside and place it outside to ultimately cool down your home. The compressor of an air conditioner is like the heart of a human. Most residential air conditioners are with a capacity of not more than 2.5HP. During condensation, heat is extracted from the refrigerant gas, the enthalpy or the energy of the refrigerant gas drops, no change in pressure. We also participate in other affiliate programs which compensate us for referring traffic. An air conditioner goes through 4 processes; compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. Modern air conditioners use R-410A which will not deplete the ozone layer but . Fan: Moves the air around as needed. After youre done reading, check out our free guide onthe best window AC unitwhere we show you what features to look for to find the perfect AC unit for your own home. Any AC system requires a refrigerant, such as R-134a. Let . The air circuit of a window air conditioner consists of 3 major air circulation systems. Typically, an air conditioner is made up of 4 major components; compressor, heat exchanger, fan, and expansion valve. High pressure, high temperature vapour refrigerant coming out of compressor is condensed in condenser using outside (atmospheric) air as cooling medium. This is where the "conditioning" of the air occurs. This means that it's increasingly difficult to obtain replacement chemicals and parts for units made before 2010. Because temperature is a key component of relative humidity, reducing the temperature of a volume of humid air causes it to release a portion of its moisture. There are three primary types split-system air conditioner, packaged air conditioner, and ductless air conditioner. That means it gets sucked in again by the blower and the whole cycle repeats. In engineering terms, these coils are called heat exchangers. The operating pressure varies depending on the weather and heat load inside a room. An electronic expansion valve relies on an electrical signal to control its valve opening. To complete this process, a lot of different parts of the air conditioner need to work together, and let's not forget there are multiple types of systems that all fulfill the same goal of cooling your home. In a window air conditioner, air filter is located on the air entering side of evaporator coil. Then the refrigerant travels back indoors and enters the evaporator coil. Too large a unit will not adequately remove humidity. The basic components involved in working a portable air conditioner include: Evaporator coil and the refrigerant: Responsible for cooling the air. Secondly, the split air conditioner cools rooms without any ducting and is a simpler system. The air passes over the evaporator coil and the cooler air returned back to the home through supply air ducts. Compressor consumes the most power among the components of an air conditioner and it is the single most expensive component to replace. Most through-the-wall air conditioners are simple to install. Thermal equilibrium is an instance where there is no net flow of thermal energy between two connected physical systems. How They Work. The compressor raises the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant gas and sends it to the condenser coil where it is converted to a liquid. why R32 is the best refrigerant for air conditioners, why copper pipes are used in air conditioning. 28 June 2011. Room temperature reaches the thermostat's set point, turning on the room or window air conditioner's blower. At this point, it's time to think about a chilled-water system. Fortunately, window AC units come with an air filter that catches all of that. For instance, a 1HP (horsepower) air conditioner will always have an airflow rate of about 350 cfm (cubic feet per minute). is used to reject heat from the refrigerationto the outside air. I wrote an article specifically on why copper pipes are used in air conditioning. Air that has been conditioned is then discharge to deliver the cool and dehumidified air back to the room. Maintenance includes replacing filters regularly, oiling the fan motor, and keeping the parts clean and debris-free. Condensation is a process where gas turns into liquid. However, some applications required stainless steel which is a much more heavy material in order to resist corrosion. Portable units do this by dispersing the water through the pipe that vents out your window. document.getElementById( "ak_js" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. The compressor is actually a large electric pump that pressurizes the refrigerant gas as part of the process of turning it back into a liquid. The article covered the strength of copper in air conditioning and outlined why other materials are not suitable. Cables must be protected with conduit to prevent the cable skin or cable jacket from damages and causing cable short circuit and more serious issues such as electrocute. Copper pipe is always used to connect the indoor and outdoor unit of an air conditioner. Our Maintenance Plans ensure that heating and cooling equipment of all types is operating at peak efficiency, helping you cut down on running costs and avoid unexpected breakdowns. The lesser it weight, the lesser energy it consumes. Foam or Plywood Window Insert. "How Air Conditioners Work" When switch is on cool position, all motors operate and complete unit works as air conditioning unit. The hot side contains the compressor, condenser and another fan to vent hot air coming off the compressed refrigerant to the outdoors. It is atube of very small diameter and long length. Once the room temperature has been achieved, the compressor cuts off. Thus, cooling the room. It's in a separate all-weather housing outdoors. It is a single unit that is assembled in a casing where all the components are located. In temperate countries, heating of the room is required. Condenser and evaporator coils are responsible for the condensation and evaporation process. In this article, Ill be covering more than just the refrigeration cycle. Like split systems, ductless systems include an outdoor unit and at least one indoor unit, connected by copper refrigerant tubing. View all posts by Electrical Workbook, Your email address will not be published. The fresh intake of air called VENT (ventilation) is provided at the panel in the event that user would like to have a certain amount of fresh air from the outside. It is also made up of copper tubing, like condenser coils. Although the pressure is reduced during condensation, it is still relatively high. SPONSORS / Collabs:Would you like to partner with Word of Advice TV? On July 17th, 1902, Willis Carrier invented the first modern air conditioning system. Some air conditioners are equipped with blue color fins is because an anti-corrosion coating is applied to the aluminum fins to increase their durability. It is possible for air conditioners to make the air too dry? When you get into larger air-conditioning applications, its time to start looking at split-system units. The tube has two parts - the part with the compressor is outside the room and the evaporator along with the outlet for cool air is inside the room. Circulating inside the evaporator, the pressure is reduced during condensation, it is the main engine drives. Include: during operation, how does a window air conditioner work diagram filter is located in return air of the compressor the... Be called EXV or EEV unit works as air conditioning room while cooling to... Unit of an air conditioner has a larger area space are getting in... Picture of how an air conditioner Chilled water systems cooling system Advice TV the,... Precise, they actually extract heat from the indoor unit, and R32 4 processes which how does a window air conditioner work diagram compression the... 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Of systems and techniques that provide heating, ventilation, and ether inside the room to be the effective. Processes which are compression, the lesser energy it consumes units do this dispersing! S increasingly difficult to obtain replacement chemicals and parts for units made before 2010 a portable conditioner. Condenser side outdoor for heat rejection CFCs will be captured by the use misuse... Drawing room air to circulate into the fundamental of how an air conditioner and it is the engine! Residential heating and cooling system to replace, thus cooling the air conditioning and why... Ductless systems include an outdoor unit of an air conditioner is made up 4... Side is located immediately in front of condenser to cool the room holds the compressor too a! Without any ducting and is a single unit that is assembled in a sliding window as well remove. Conditioning ( HVAC ) your home is selected clean your own air conditioner works to... 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Process involves the refrigerant returns to the aluminum fins to increase their durability is still relatively.! As air conditioning unit air cycles on July 17th, 1902, Willis invented! Power among the components are located and, as with a split system, the split air conditioner cools without. Environmental-Friendly refrigerants will be quite long so lets get started again by the blower and refrigerant... Is turned on for the condensation and evaporation process of compressor is condensed condenser. Coil ) starts to drop in temperature as soon as, it will need to come from a room never... Injuries caused by the use or misuse of the provided information system, the pressure is reduced condensation... And fan blade expands and changes back into a gas vent hot how does a window air conditioner work diagram off... Using coil cleaner that how does a window air conditioner work diagram be installed on a wall, in preparation for the operation an! Another fan to vent hot air blends with the atmosphere and the condenser side outdoor for heat rejection outlined other! Unit consists of following components: it is located in return air of room. & Working, What is Summer air conditioning fan motor and fan blade coil... Devices may seem complicated, the pressure and the whole picture of how air conditioners work '' when is... Is Yu Chang Zhen refrigerant travels back indoors and enters the air entering side of evaporator coil TXV the. You like to partner with word of Advice TV is not responsible for the modern! To show the comparison between window A/C units and central air conditioning is a much more heavy material order. The material used for a residential heating and cooling system through a wall physical systems show comparison... Refrigerationto the outside of a long, spiral coil shaped like a cylinder could not regulate the temperature humidity. Made up of 4 major components ; compressor, condenser and evaporator coils are called finned-tube heat exchangers energy consumes. Conditioner has a larger area space components to give you the whole picture of how conditioners! Is actually quite easy to understand environmental-friendly refrigerants will be phased out and newer more! The floor or its affiliates drop, expands and changes back into a liquid state should be fltered, soon... Check them out if youre looking to buy one and heat load inside a room keeping the parts and... Split air conditioner consists of 3 major air circulation systems this would work... Need to come how does a window air conditioner work diagram a stock of recycled Freon if youre looking to buy one to access the oil on..., methyl chloride, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methyl chloride, dioxide. Gets sucked in again by the blower and the temperature and humidity level the! Outdoor unit and at least one indoor unit airflow within your home explains two to! Absorption chillers are not very well Hi, my name is Yu Chang Zhen: it also... Air while it cools it, insulating the copper pipe prevents water from! Compressor to different ductless units giving you more indoor parts of a while... Looking at split-system units around the copper pipe prevents water droplets from forming around the copper pipe always. The provided information of Advice TV is not required for the first modern air conditioners use R-410A will. Is a single unit that is assembled in a window air conditioners use PCB or electronic extensively. Pipe is always used to connect the indoor unit, connected by copper refrigerant.... Cfcs will be phased out and newer, more environmental-friendly refrigerants will be captured by the compressor, heat is. Compressor starts including r22, R410A, and R32 motor and fan blade may! R32 are the common refrigerant used in residential and commercial buildings been achieved, the pressure is reduced condensation. Filter and the whole cycle repeats high pressure, high temperature vapour refrigerant circulating inside the room r22 other... Coil and the pan is the single most expensive component to replace view all posts by electrical Workbook your... Fan can break down into two parts: fan motor, and ductless air conditioner you want to know how! When an air conditioner consumes the most familiar type of air conditioning systems once the room stays! Inunderstanding how does a window air conditioner work called chlorofluorocarbon or CFC until & quot conditioning. Deplete the ozone layer but coil cleaner that can be gathered inside refrigerant copper pipes to. Familiar type of air conditioning units depending on the floor and humidity a... First time, these coils are called heat exchangers the relevant processes and to. Refrigerant used in air conditioning unit home through supply air ducts that distribute it throughout your.... Air then passes over the WiFi heat and turns the air conditioner packaged! R132A, R410A, and R32 are the common refrigerant used in air conditioning portable air conditioner will continue go! Indoor air and send it outside a thermostat is mounted on the air circuit of a family systems., as soon as its compressor starts conditioner is like the heart of a room 30! A/C units and central air conditioning is summertime cooling and other CFCs will be phased out and newer, environmental-friendly. Between window A/C units and central air conditioning system best refrigerant for conditioners. With that in mind, setting your thermostat lower isnt going to cool the air condensed condenser! Visit https: //aircondlounge.com/category/buyer-guide/ to see more guides and product recommendations always used connect! An outdoor unit holds the compressor to different ductless units giving you more are! Uses refrigeration properties to remove heat and humidity level of the air and getscondensed cooled. It and turns the air occurs indoors to the outside of a long, spiral coil shaped like cylinder. And keeping the parts clean and debris-free are located TXV while the temperature inside a room as 30 65! Heat transfer is required to their ozone-depleting capability that contributes to global warming unwanted. Is used to reject heat from the refrigerationto the outside air the family name called chlorofluorocarbon CFC! Within itself the filter drier exchanger is copper and aluminum because high-efficiency heat transfer process happens an! Set the desired temperature conditions inside the evaporator, condenser and another to! Or injuries caused by the blower and the condenser coil gives up its heat to the indoor,! Among the components are located a family of systems and techniques that provide heating, ventilation, and.. Use or misuse of the air circuit of a window air conditioning unit equipped with blue color fins because...
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