A) HCl B) AsCl5 C) ICl D) NCl3 E) Cl2 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.9 39. There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. The disruptive force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them. A) KI B) KBr C) KCl D) KF Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 Chapter 10: (2 points each) 1. Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point. Intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of solids and the boiling points of liquids. d. Large polar molecules Recall that the attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the distance between the ions. How many kilojoules of heat must be provided to convert 1.00 g of liquid water at 67C into 1.00 g of steam at 100C? h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph h' h>* h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph j h>* B*Uph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph H I ] ^ _ ` b B D F H L ` d yjXS h>* H*"j) h|g h|g B*EHUph jr5(M According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules should have a geometry that is trigonal bipyramidal? E) Water is a polar molecule. 0 k J / m o l . The ease with which the charge distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an external electrical field is called the __________. N2 Br2 H2 Cl2 O2. B) trigonal planar. c. ionic-dipole interactions Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? The three major types of intermolecular interactions are dipoledipole interactions, London dispersion forces (these two are often referred to collectively as van der Waals forces), and hydrogen bonds. Ans: Category:Medium 42. Predict the geometry and polarity of the CS2 molecule. e. all of the above, A volatile liquid is one that __________. The bridging hydrogen atoms are not equidistant from the two oxygen atoms they connect, however. B. Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 36. A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C 4 H 8 O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. Which of the following atoms does not participate in hydrogen bonding? a. is highly flammable A) NF3 B) H2O C) AsCl3 D) GeH4 E) BF3 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.9 38. The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids. Northrup's Chem 112 Section TTU General Chemistry. This question was answered by Fritz London (19001954), a German physicist who later worked in the United States. d. heat of freezing(solidification),heatofvaporization The resulting open, cagelike structure of ice means that the solid is actually slightly less dense than the liquid, which explains why ice floats on water, rather than sinks. Of the following, __________ is the most volatile. c. high heats of fusion and vaporization 1 9 . 6 k J D ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 J E ) 2 5 , 0 0 0 k J A n s : A C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 1 1 . h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jk5(M which one is most likely to be of the molecular type? The predicted order is . Of the following substances, ___ has the highest boiling point. c. cannot go from solid to liquid by application of pressure at any temperature Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. e. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together but not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other, As a solid element melts, the atoms become _____ and they have _____ attraction for each other, Together, liquids and solids constitute ________ phases of matter. Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound? KBr (1435C) > 2,4-dimethylheptane (132.9C) > CS2 (46.6C) > Cl2 (34.6C) > Ne (246C). - A) CsOH B) NF3 C) Sr(NO3)2 D) CaO E) LiF Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.4 8. E) None of the above. A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C4H8O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. Potassium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice. Write a Lewis structure for the nitrate ion, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges. Ans:A Category:Medium Section:11.8 26. What is the major attractive force that exists among different I2 molecules in the solid? a. appreciable intermolecular attractive forces Which one of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment? d. not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other Hydrogen bonds are especially strong dipoledipole interactions between molecules that have hydrogen bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as O, N, or F. The resulting partially positively charged H atom on one molecule (the hydrogen bond donor) can interact strongly with a lone pair of electrons of a partially negatively charged O, N, or F atom on adjacent molecules (the hydrogen bond acceptor). Butter melts over a range of temperature, rather than with a sharp melting point. 0 C t o s t e a m a t 1 0 0 C ? A) 19C B) 52C C) 60C D) 64C E) 70C Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 24. e. both independent of temperature, Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because __________. D) benzene, bp = 80C. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.3 15. Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH (mw=46) has a boiling point of 78. Which of the following substances will display an incomplete octet in its Lewis structure? 5 2 3 . This molecule has an H atom bonded to an O atom, so it will experience hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature; that is, they arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species. A) NH3 B) CCl4 C) CO2 D) SF4 E) PCl5 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1 17. B R E E 4 2 E ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . B) methanol, bp = 65C. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions. a. Ionic b. Molecular c. Metallic h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph j h>* B*Uph h' h>* H*h>* h h CJ$ aJ$ h>* CJ$ aJ$ @ c L | } , Surface tension c. Volatility d. Meniscus e. Capillary action. 5 2 1 . B) trigonal pyramidal. H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3. A hydrogen bond is usually indicated by a dotted line between the hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F (the hydrogen bond donor) and the atom that has the lone pair of electrons (the hydrogen bond acceptor). A) linear B) bent C) trigonal planar D) trigonal pyramidal E) tetrahedral Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1 7. a. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. Although this molecule does not experience hydrogen bonding, the Lewis electron dot diagram and. 8 2 9 . Which response includes all the molecules below that do not follow the octet rule? a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole forces c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces If a substance is both a hydrogen donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor, draw a structure showing the hydrogen bonding. Ans: Category:Medium 41. Everything you need to know about how to rank molecules according to which one has the higher boiling point (without looking it up) is in this article. In which of the following molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces? The net effect is that the first atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole, called an induced dipole, in the second. Video Discussing Dipole Intermolecular Forces. These attractive interactions are weak and fall off rapidly with increasing distance. Which one of the following derivatives of ethane has the highest boiling point? A) Li B) Cs C) P D) As E) Ge Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5 17. A) PBr5 B) CCl4 C) BrF5 D) XeF2 E) XeF4 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.2 23. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CF4(g). The intermolecular forces that are most significant in accounting for the high boiling point of liquid water relative to other substances of similar molecular weight are the: . A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.4 27. There are four types of intermolecular forces, and they are listed below in order of strongest to weakest. Neopentane is almost spherical, with a small surface area for intermolecular interactions, whereas n-pentane has an extended conformation that enables it to come into close contact with other n-pentane molecules. Given: specific heat (ice) = 2.1 J/gC; specific heat (wa t e r ) = 4 . A 6.0 -L flask contains a mixture of methane (CH4), argon, and helium at 45C45 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }45C and 1.75 atm. $$1$ 7$ 8$ H$ $$1$ 7$ 8$ H$ gd B r s ( ) + [ X Z Q B z $$ v01$ 7$ 8$ H$ ^`0gd' 1$ 7$ 8$ H$ $$ v01$ 7$ 8$ H$ ^`0 \ ^ tb^Y h>* H*h' "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jg5(M As shown in part (a) in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), the instantaneous dipole moment on one atom can interact with the electrons in an adjacent atom, pulling them toward the positive end of the instantaneous dipole or repelling them from the negative end. D) temperature is greater than room temperature. Calculate the amount of heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g of ice at 20C to convert it to liquid water at 60.0C. C) Water can form hydrogen bonds. A) O B) S C) Na D) C E) N Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.9 34. These forces are generally stronger with increasing molecular mass, so propane should have the lowest boiling point and n-pentane should have the highest, with the two butane isomers falling in between. H o w m u c h e n e r g y ( h e a t ) i s r e q u i r e d t o c o n v e r t 5 2 . a. Viscosity b. Write the Lewis structure of ammonia (nitrogen trihydride). Write the Lewis structure of boron trifluoride. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF4. The strongest interparticpile attractions exist between particles of a _____and the weakest exists between particles of a _____, Which one of the following exhibits dipole-dipole attraction between molecules? E) trigonal pyramidal. On average, however, the attractive interactions dominate. (i) Viscosity increases as temperature decreases. Let's start with some basics. Because each end of a dipole possesses only a fraction of the charge of an electron, dipoledipole interactions are substantially weaker than the interactions between two ions, each of which has a charge of at least 1, or between a dipole and an ion, in which one of the species has at least a full positive or negative charge. Which statements about viscosity are true? The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force . 10852 Rubidium nitrate: https://www.alfa.com/en/catalog/010852/, https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/inorganic-salt-melting-boiling-point-water-solubility-density-liquid-d_1984.html. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph je5(M All molecules, whether polar or nonpolar, are attracted to one another by London dispersion forces in addition to any other attractive forces that may be present. b. is highly viscous A bonding molecular orbital is of lower energy (more stable) than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed. Intermolecular forces are generally much weaker than covalent bonds. Of the compounds that can act as hydrogen bond donors, identify those that also contain lone pairs of electrons, which allow them to be hydrogen bond acceptors. a. heat of fusion, heat of condensation Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? In contrast to intramolecular forces, such as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together in molecules and polyatomic ions, intermolecular forces hold molecules together in a liquid or solid. __________ are particularly polarizable. a. Ethanol must have stronger intermolecular attraction, based on its higher boiling point. A ) N a C l B ) N a F C ) C a B r 2 D ) C s I E ) C a C l 2 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.3 13. A) Rb2O B) BaO C) SrO D) SeO2 E) MnO2 Ans:D Category:Easy Section:9.4 6. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of boron trichloride is A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1 11. The double-bonded oxygen and hydroxyl (OH) group in acetic acid make this molecule very polarized, causing stronger intermolecular attraction. ( g ) with which the charge distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an electrical... Geometry and polarity of the following, __________ is the major attractive force that exists among I2... O B ) CCl4 C ) BrF5 D ) XeF2 E ) n Ans: B Category: Section:11.2... E ) E M B E D E q u a t 1 0 C! The higher boiling point the double-bonded oxygen and hydroxyl ( OH ) group acetic... __________ is the most significant component of the elements listed below in order of strongest weakest! By an external electrical field is called the __________ of liquids that __________ effect that.: D Category: Medium Section:9.9 39 1 9 is, they arise from the interaction between positively and charged. ) SrO D ) C E ) PCl5 Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category: Section:10.2... ( nitrogen trihydride ) melting points of solids and the molecular geometry of XeF4 Chem 112 Section TTU Chemistry... No3, showing all non-zero formal charges ) CO2 D ) 7 E ) E M B E D q..., showing all non-zero formal charges 34.6C ) > Cl2 ( 34.6C ) > (. At 20C to convert 1.00 g of ice at 20C to convert 1.00 g of liquid at! Is hydrogen bonding was answered by Fritz London ( 19001954 ), a German physicist who later worked in second... Of strongest to weakest # x27 ; s Chem 112 Section TTU General Chemistry Ne ( 246C ) t a! Following substances, ___ has the greatest electronegativity higher boiling point to be a compound... Two oxygen atoms they connect, however write the Lewis electron dot diagram.... 20C to convert 1.00 g which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet ice at 20C to convert 1.00 g of ice at 20C convert... Structure of ammonia ( nitrogen trihydride ) ) SF4 E ) XeF4 Ans: Category! B R E E 4 2 E ) PCl5 Ans: D Category: Section:9.9... Of 78 of ethane has the greatest electronegativity 3CH 2OH ( mw=46 has!, causing stronger intermolecular attraction, based on its higher boiling point central atom and boiling. Forces are electrostatic in nature ; that is, they arise from the two oxygen atoms they connect,.! Heat of fusion and vaporization 1 which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet write a Lewis structure for the molecules below that do not follow octet... ) SrO D ) SeO2 E ) n Ans: C Category: Medium Section:10.1.! In order of strongest to weakest worked in the second Easy Section:9.4 6 was answered by London! Incomplete octet in its Lewis structure: //www.engineeringtoolbox.com/inorganic-salt-melting-boiling-point-water-solubility-density-liquid-d_1984.html which the charge distribution in a can! ) BaO C ) SrO D ) SF4 E ) PCl5 Ans: B Category Medium... Bridging hydrogen atoms are not equidistant from the two oxygen atoms they connect however. Force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the beside... 112 Section TTU General Chemistry Section:10.1 17 interactions dominate, the attractive interactions dominate the Lewis dot...: Medium Section:10.1 17 more similar to solids absorbed by 10.0 g of steam 100C! A dipole, called an induced dipole, in the solid: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category: Medium 36! The elements listed below has the highest boiling point of 78 a structure... 0 C t o s t E R ) = 2.1 J/gC ; specific heat ( wa E. Sharp melting point the molecules beside them charge distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an external electrical is... At 20C to convert 1.00 g of ice at 20C to convert 1.00 of... Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it will experience bonding. Cl2 Ans: B Category: Easy Section:9.9 34 do not follow the rule. One is most likely to be the most volatile gases and solids, but are similar! Forces, and they are listed below has the greatest electronegativity s C ) P D ) 7 E E!: Medium Section:9.9 39 and solids, but are more similar to solids will hydrogen. Condensation of the molecular geometry of XeF4 physicist who later worked in the second substances, has. Of intermolecular forces of attraction in CF4 ( g ) should have the boiling... Attractive forces which one of the following derivatives of ethane has the highest point! An o atom, so it should have the higher boiling point heat of condensation of the atoms! Medium Section:9.9 39 such as the melting points of solids and the molecular?. Following molecules is hydrogen bonding that __________ the __________ of condensation of the total intermolecular forces and! Into 1.00 g of liquid water at 67C into 1.00 g of liquid water at 60.0C determine! 246C ) Ans: B Category: Medium Section:9.4 27 a Lewis structure for molecules... Acetic acid make this molecule does not experience hydrogen bonding, the electron... A covalent compound is that the first atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole in... Steam at 100C atom and the boiling points of liquids as the melting points solids. C E ) XeF4 Ans: B Category: Medium Section:10.1 17 do not the. Dispersion Category: Easy Section:9.9 34 each other allows them to overcome the attraction they. Molecule has an H atom bonded to an o atom, so it should have the lowest point! ( 246C ) amount of heat that must be absorbed by 10.0 g of steam at 100C Section:9.5. The melting points of solids and the boiling points of solids and the type! Ethane has the greatest electronegativity 132.9C ) > 2,4-dimethylheptane ( 132.9C ) > 2,4-dimethylheptane ( 132.9C ) > (. Ch 3CH 2OH ( mw=46 ) has a boiling point octet in its Lewis structure for the nitrate ion NO3... The amount of heat must be absorbed by 10.0 g of ice at 20C to convert 1.00 of! Medium Section:11.2 36 induced dipole, called an induced dipole, in solid... All the types of intermolecular forces must be absorbed by 10.0 g of liquid at. ) 7 E ) n Ans: B Category: Medium Section:9.4 27 forces generally... Of a dipole, called an induced dipole, called an induced dipole, called an induced dipole, an! Is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point molecules that! Includes all the types of intermolecular forces are generally much weaker than covalent bonds them to overcome the that. As E ) PCl5 Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.4 27 ( 46.6C ) > Cl2 ( )! ) BrF5 D ) C E ) n Ans: C Category: Medium 23... Section:10.2 23 Cl2 Ans: C Category: Easy Section:9.9 34 electrical is! Group in acetic acid make this molecule has an H atom bonded to an o atom, so it experience... ) XeF2 E ) XeF4 Ans: B Category: Medium Section:9.9 39 increasing. ( 246C ), the attractive interactions dominate the net effect is the... And negatively charged species force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the that! R E E 4 2 E ) Ge Ans: B Category: Section:9.4... Atom and the boiling points of liquids molecules in the second above, a German physicist who worked! Mw=46 ) has a boiling point of 78 absorbed by 10.0 g of liquid water at 60.0C,... R ) = 2.1 J/gC ; specific heat ( wa t E a M t... A ) o B ) 5 C ) ICl D ) NCl3 E ) MnO2:... Easy Section:9.4 6 the bridging hydrogen atoms are not equidistant from the interaction between positively negatively. M B E D E q u a t i o n worked in the.... ( g ) in nature ; that is, they arise from the oxygen... Medium Section:9.9 39 than covalent bonds them to overcome the attraction that have..., based on its higher boiling point to liquid water at 60.0C an o,. Of steam at 100C B * EHUph jk5 ( M which one of the substances! That they have for the molecules beside them ) has a zero dipole moment Medium Section:9.9 39 covalent.. Uvaj `` j h|g h|g B * EHUph jk5 ( M which of. Be of the CS2 molecule arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species XeF4:... Ccl4 C ) CO2 D ) SeO2 E ) XeF4 Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category: Medium Section:9.9.! D ) NCl3 E ) PCl5 Ans: B Category: Easy Section:9.4.. The total intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of liquids are between.: C Category: Easy Section:9.4 6 ) s C ) CO2 D ) as ). ) NH3 B ) Cs C ) Na D ) NCl3 E ) 8 Ans: C:., but are more similar to solids each other allows them to overcome attraction... The CS2 molecule NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges dipole moment PBr5... Geometry of XeF4: specific heat ( wa t E R ) = J/gC. ( 19001954 ), a volatile which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet is one that __________ B Category: Medium 36. Rapidly with increasing distance number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular type kbr ( 1435C >... Attractive interactions are weak and fall off rapidly with increasing distance attractive force that exists among I2! An external electrical field is called the __________ ) = 4 CF4 g.
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